Measurement microphones are most commonly condenser microphones in which sound pressure actuates a diaphragm that is one plate of a capacitor. The relative motion of the capacitor plates causes a change in capacitance and the resulting voltage is measured and converted into a reading such as sound pressure level (SPL).
Measurement microphones are described by type of sound field. Pressure field measurement microphones are used to measure sound pressure that has the same magnitude and phase throughout the field. Free field microphones are used to measure a plane wave that is propagating freely in one defined direction. Diffuse field measurement microphones, also known as random incidence microphones, measure sound waves from all directions.
Automated test equipment (ATE) is computer-controlled and designed to minimize human interaction with the product being tested. The advantage of automated testing is that each test is repeatable and, in high volume, cost-efficient. The chief disadvantage is the high cost of programming and setup.
Data acquisition is the digitizing and processing of multiple sensor or signal inputs for the purpose of monitoring, analyzing and/or controlling systems and processes. Signal conditioning includes the amplification, filtering, converting, and other processes required to make sensor output suitable for rereading by computer boards. Data acquisition systems and instruments collect, digitize and process multiple sensor or signal inputs for the purpose of monitoring, analyzing and/or controlling systems and processes. They are configured in a wide variety of instrumentation and modular systems.
Data loggers and data recorders acquire digital data from sensors. They are used primarily to store data for subsequent download to a host PC, but may also include real-time features such as monitors and alarms.
Chart recorders and strip charts are data acquisition tools used to generate a plot, graph or other visualization of data versus time. Common applications include temperature and humidity measurements, chromatography, spectroscopy graphs, and plots of the output of a wide range of other lab and test equipment.
Specialized instruments for electrical testing include hipot testers, current leakage (ground) testers, insulation resistance testers, arc tracking testers and megohmmeters.
Industrial computers are intended for use on factory floors or in other harsh environments. Unlike office computers, these systems are designed to withstand shock, vibration, humidity, EMI, RFI, dust, mist, and splash. Industrial computers are available in many configurations with a variety of CPUs, displays, and I/O interfaces.
Machine controllers are devices or circuit boards designed for controlling machines. Examples include machine tools, extrusion equipment, automatic presses, and other industrial and manufacturing equipment.
General-purpose process controllers monitor various parameters and initiate controller functions based on measurements of temperature, pressure, level or other process parameters.
Equipment includes controls and drives for servo motors. This category includes all servo systems (both brush and brushless)brush, digital drives and analog amplifiers.
Sound level meters and noise dosimeters are used in many kinds of sound and noise analysis including industrial safety, traffic and transportation noise quantification, and scientific noise measurement. They are frequently hand-held and battery-powered. Sound level meters measure real-time sound and can have functions such as signal analysis, noise dose measurement, and different time and frequency weighting.
Counters, timers, clocks, totalizers and ratemeters are used in a variety of applications including laboratory and process timing, process control, and unit counting.
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Avionics and navigational instruments are specialized instruments or test equipment for aircraft. Examples include internal inflight instruments and diagnostic test equipment.
Calibration instruments use either electrical signals or actual physical quantities to calibrate sensors and meters. They can be used as a precise meter for sensors or simulate sensor output to another device.
Marine instruments are specialized instruments or test equipment for ships or boats. Examples include onboard instruments for use during voyages and diagnostic test equipment.
Surveying instruments are used for accurate measurement of features, orientation and absolute positioning of large scale objects in engineering, construction, mapping, industry, defense and other applications.
Specialized instruments or test equipment is used for automobiles, trucks, buses, trains and off-road vehicles. Examples include onboard instruments for use during driving and diagnostic test equipment.
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Bench repair refers to off-site equipment or instrument repair in the service supplier's shop. The test equipment or instruments need to be disconnected and transported to or picked up by the repair shop.
Suppliers have personnel and/or equipment for on-site installation and start-up of new, repaired or replacement equipment or instruments. Suppliers may also provide personnel training and test the acceptability of the equipment to the required specifications.
Preventative maintenance and service contracts are programs for performing proactive maintenance in order to prevent system problems. These programs differ from troubleshooting, diagnostic or corrective maintenance, which is performed to correct an already existing problem.
Suppliers have personnel and/or equipment for the complete overhaul or rebuilding of equipment or instruments. Remanufacturing can be an effective alternative purchasing costly or specialized units.
Suppliers have capabilities or resources for exchanging a damaged piece of equipment or instrument with a new or used unit. This can minimize facility downtime or eliminate the need to ship and outsource work.
Suppliers can upgrade or enhance the performance of existing products by adding completely new components, or replacing existing components with improved or updated units.
Other unlisted, specialty, or proprietary services.
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ISO 17025 addresses an organization's proficiency at performing testing and calibration activities. It is geared towards technical qualification and deals heavily with measurement uncertainties. ISO 17025 is layered on top of an ISO 9000 certification, a standard that sets out the requirements for a quality management system.
IEC 17025 addresses the testing and calibration of instrument functions. For example, the manufacturer of a digital multimeter may require a laboratory to have a scope that contains all of the functions that the meter can measure: AC volts, DC volts, frequency, resistance, AC current, DC current, etc. Only service providers that list all of the functions within the necessary scope can provide IEC 17025 for a given instrument. IEC 17025 replaces ISO Guide 25.
Formerly MIL-STD 45662A, American National Standard ANSI / NCSL Z540-1 is a requirements document titled "Calibration Laboratories and Measuring and Test Equipment - General Requirements."
This is a standard that is used primarily by government community. It is very close to the 17025 standard.
The American Association for Laboratory Accreditation (A2LA) provides accreditation that formally recognizes an organization's technical competency to perform specific tests, types of tests, or calibrations.
The general requirements for laboratory accreditation are contained in ISO / IEC 17025. This standard contains quality system requirements and technical requirements that laboratories must meet. Laboratory accreditation requirements, however, go beyond just ISO / IEC 17025.
AS 9000 is a set of quality guidelines and requirements published by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) in cooperation with major aerospace manufacturers. AS9000 is based on ISO 9001 but maintains a particular focus on the aerospace industry.
QS 9000 is a quality standard for suppliers of DaimlerChrysler Corporation, Ford Motor Company, and General Motors Corporation. QS-9000 is based on the 1994 edition of ISO 9001, but contains additional requirements that are particular to the automotive industry. Specifically, QS 9000 applies to suppliers of production materials, production and service parts, heat-treating, painting and plating, and other finishing services.
ISO 9001:2000 establishes requirements for company quality management systems. Standards range from manufacturing to services such as design, development, production, and installation.
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Companies are located in the Northeast United States, namely Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and Vermont.
Companies are located in the Southern United States, namely Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington D.C., and West Virginia.
Companies are located in the Midwest United States, namely Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota and Wisconsin.
Companies have facilities in South American countries such as Argentina, Brazil, or Chile; or in Central American countries such as Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama, etc.
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